Evaluation summary - The conservation, mitigation and biodiversity offsets program ( COMBO+)

Globalization and accelerating economic growth are increasing pressure on natural resources, exacerbating the climate, health, and biodiversity crisis. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework underscores this urgency by setting ambitious targets, particularly for biodiversity-rich COMBO+ countries facing intense development pressures. The mitigation hierarchy — avoid, reduce, restore, and then compensate — is a central lever in this initiative to achieve zero net loss or a net gain in biodiversity. Following COMBO I (2016–2020), which laid the strategic foundations, COMBO+ aims to strengthen institutional anchoring, private sector engagement, and capacity development at all levels.